The terms “high-functioning autism” and “Asperger’s syndrome” are often used interchangeably, but there are important distinctions—especially in how they’ve been defined over time.
Asperger’s syndrome was once a separate diagnosis on the autism spectrum. Individuals with Asperger’s typically have average to above-average intelligence and strong language skills but struggle with social communication, nonverbal cues, and flexibility in behavior. They often developed language without significant delay, which set them apart from other autism diagnoses.
High-functioning autism (HFA) is a more general, unofficial term used to describe individuals on the autism spectrum who have milder symptoms and do not have intellectual disabilities. Like those diagnosed with Asperger’s, they may still face social challenges and sensory sensitivities, but often function independently in many areas of life.
However, in 2013, the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) removed Asperger’s as a separate diagnosis. Today, both are included under the umbrella term Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with varying levels of support needed.
At Bluebell ABA, we understand that every individual is unique—labels matter less than personalized care. Whether your child is newly diagnosed or transitioning from an Asperger’s diagnosis, we’re here to guide and support their growth every step of the way.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Are high-functioning autism and Asperger’s the same?
They are similar but were once diagnosed separately. Today, both fall under Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
2. Is one more severe than the other?
Not necessarily. Both describe individuals who need less support compared to others on the spectrum.
3. Can ABA therapy help both?
Yes. ABA is effective for individuals across the autism spectrum.
Sources:
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/high-functioning-autism
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/asperger-syndrome