Parenting a child with autism comes with unique challenges, especially when it comes to managing behaviors. Every child has their own way of communicating, learning, and responding to the world around them. But sometimes, certain behaviors—like hand-flapping, hitting, or running away—can make daily life difficult.
This is where Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior comes in. Instead of focusing on stopping unwanted behaviors directly, DRI shifts the focus to reinforcing behaviors that make the unwanted ones impossible to do at the same time. Think of it like replacing a habit rather than just trying to break one.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)?
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) is a strategy used in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to reduce challenging behaviors by reinforcing positive alternatives. What makes DRI unique is that the new behavior is physically incompatible with the unwanted one.
For example:
- If a child tends to grab objects impulsively, they can be taught to fold their hands instead.
- If a child frequently yells, reinforcing whispering or using an indoor voice can help.
- If a child runs in unsafe areas, walking calmly while holding a caregiver’s hand can be encouraged.
By reinforcing the alternative behavior, the child learns that this new response leads to positive outcomes—attention, praise, or rewards—while the previous behavior gradually fades.
Why Is DRI Effective for Children with Autism?
DRI isn’t just about changing behavior—it’s about building skills and supporting emotional regulation. Here’s why it’s so effective:
Encourages Positive Behavior Without Punishment
Traditional discipline often focuses on stopping negative behaviors through consequences. But for children with autism, this can be frustrating and confusing. DRI takes a different approach: it rewards what you want to see more of instead of punishing what you don’t.
Reduces Stress and Meltdowns
Challenging behaviors often stem from unmet needs—sensory sensitivities, difficulty communicating, or frustration. By teaching and reinforcing an alternative response, DRI helps children regulate emotions in a constructive way.
Improves Social Skills and Communication
Many unwanted behaviors make social interactions harder, like pushing or interrupting. By replacing them with positive, socially appropriate actions, children can build stronger relationships and develop better communication skills.
Helps With Daily Routines and Independence
Replacing disruptive behaviors with functional ones makes daily routines smoother. Whether it’s staying seated during mealtime, using a gentle touch instead of grabbing, or waiting for a turn, DRI helps children gain independence and navigate different settings successfully.
How to Use DRI Effectively
Like any strategy, consistency and the right approach are key. Here’s a step-by-step guide to using DRI with your child:
Step 1: Identify the Behavior You Want to Replace
Choose a behavior that is disruptive, unsafe, or interferes with learning and socialization. Be specific! Instead of saying, “I want my child to stop running away,” define the behavior clearly—“I want my child to walk calmly by my side in public places.”
Step 2: Pick an Incompatible Behavior
This is the key to DRI—it must be physically impossible to do the new behavior while still engaging in the unwanted one. Some examples:
- Instead of throwing toys → Teach handing over the toy nicely.
- Instead of screaming → Encourage using a quiet voice or a communication card.
- Instead of bolting → Reinforce walking with a caregiver’s hand.
Step 3: Reinforce Immediately and Consistently
Whenever your child engages in the new behavior, reward them right away. This could be:
- Praise: “Great job using your quiet voice!”
- A favorite toy or activity.
- A small treat or token.
The key is making sure the reinforcement happens every time so the child associates the new behavior with positive outcomes.
Step 4: Be Patient and Keep Practicing
Behavior change takes time, especially for children with autism. Expect setbacks, and don’t get discouraged. The goal isn’t perfection—it’s progress. Celebrate small wins and keep reinforcing the new behavior consistently.
Mistakes to Avoid When Using DRI
Even though DRI is a powerful strategy, it’s easy to run into obstacles. Here are some common mistakes and how to fix them:
Not Choosing a Truly Incompatible Behavior
If the new behavior doesn’t completely replace the old one, the unwanted behavior might still happen. Make sure they cannot happen at the same time (e.g., sitting vs. jumping, using hands to play vs. hitting).
Reinforcing the Wrong Behavior by Accident
Sometimes, parents or caregivers accidentally reward the unwanted behavior. For example, if a child is screaming and gets attention (even if it’s negative), they may continue doing it. Instead, only reinforce the new, desired behavior.
Not Using Reinforcement That’s Actually Motivating
Every child is different—some respond best to praise, while others need a tangible reward like a sticker or snack. Find what truly motivates your child to make the reinforcement effective.
Conclusion
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior is a powerful, positive approach to helping children with autism develop better behavior patterns. By reinforcing behaviors that make negative ones impossible, DRI encourages growth, independence, and better social interactions.
If you’re looking for expert guidance in using ABA strategies like DRI, Bluebell ABA is here to help. Our team of skilled therapists specializes in personalized, effective ABA therapy that supports children in building essential life skills. Contact Bluebell ABA today to learn how we can help your child thrive!
FAQs
How long does it take for DRI to work?
It varies! Some children respond quickly, while others need weeks or months of consistent reinforcement. The key is patience and sticking with the plan.
Can DRI be used alongside other ABA strategies?
Absolutely! DRI works well with other techniques like Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) or Functional Communication Training (FCT) to address different behavioral needs.
What if my child keeps doing the old behavior?
If the unwanted behavior continues, check whether the reinforcement is consistent, immediate, and motivating. You might also need to tweak the incompatible behavior to make sure it truly replaces the old one.
Sources:
- https://www.nu.edu/blog/what-is-differential-reinforcement/
- https://www.txautism.net/interventions/differential-reinforcement
- https://www.autismparentingmagazine.com/differential-reinforcement/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29117712/
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145445517743487